Amstrad Action Issue 104 (UK) (Face B) (1994) [Amstrad Action] [Original] [TAPE] [COMPILATION].cdt
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007440: 6E 73 2E 2E 2E 21 0D 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 ns...!....
007450: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007460: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007470: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007480: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 61 45 6E 6A 6F 79 -aEnjoy
007490: 20 79 6F 75 72 73 65 6C 66 2C 0D 0A 0D 0A 20 20 yourself,....
0074A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0074B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0074C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0074D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 69 63 68 61 Richa
0074E0: 72 64 20 46 61 69 72 68 75 72 73 74 0D 0A 20 20 rd Fairhurst..
0074F0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007500: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007510: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007520: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 6D Am
007530: 73 74 72 61 64 20 41 63 74 69 6F 6E 0D 0A 20 20 strad Action..
007540: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007550: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007560: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007570: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
007580: 20 20 20 20 52 6F 62 6F 74 20 50 51 70 44 0D 0A Robot PQpD..
007590: 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ..
0075A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0075B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0075C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0075D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 61 72 63 68 20 31 39 39 34 March 1994
0075E0: 0D 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0075F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007600: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007610: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007620: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007630: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007640: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007650: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007660: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007670: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
007680: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 66 4E FF .............fN.
007690: FF FF FF ...
RESULT OF SEARCH :
PRO=33 CHEA=0 COD=5 MUSI=0 COP=17 GRA=16 WRIT=22 198=0 199=3 STARTER=0 KBI=0 CAAV=0 L.TOURNIER=0
PRO=33 CHEA=0 COD=5 MUSI=0 COP=17 GRA=16 WRIT=22 198=0 199=3 STARTER=0 KBI=0 CAAV=0 L.TOURNIER=0
B,TOOLKIT&p&Yd n x"Loading AA Toolkit code"&"Hold down CTRL to save to disc
""!toolkit.rsx", () & , , , , C" Amstrad Action and Robot PD present"XW
RIT,4 , "The AA Toolkit"DOUBL, ,"- volume one -"C , "Code 1994 Richard Fairhurs
t"WRIT,,I , "If you want instructions, press I."WRIT,,E" To print out the instru
ctions, type P."WRIT,,h" If you just want to use the Toolkit, then press
SPACE to continue."WRIT,,3" ,"Press SPACE, I or P." 4,(C) " " "I" "P" ,6 " "
A,CAL,kA"TOOLKIT.DOC" "I" TYP, PTYP,"Disc to tape (master-maker)* "toolkit.r
sx", 2TAP"TOOLKIT""toolkit.rsx", ,,5 "toolkit.doc"DISLOA,, -TAP"toolkit.doc", ,
,UK Tape to disc 2DIS"toolkit""toolkit.rsx", ,,5 "toolkit.doc"TAPLOA,, -DIS!"t
oolkit.doc", , ,UK C,TOOLKIT.RSXcK!G 2!y"2!y"A2C!y"D2F$XcrBfqO$dbqhNCLEXEKEPUTKE
EDIDOUBLWRITMODINBORDEFRAMCURS9OGRAPHICS.PAPECOPY.CHCLEAR.INPUGRAPHICS.PEMEMORDU
MFINBANBANK.REABANK.WRITCOPFILCALABDHIITYPPTYPINFHL.WRITHL.REALOADEPROTECSECTOR.
WRITSECTOR.REAUSECAqZ!ef6!e (9((( 8 p w#Zwx(Z+6Z!we* '!e!# $(I(H(0 !q1994 CRTC
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nfwNFq2k2qnfVRnfNF#xNFnf+nf++xqnfVRlznfNFb#xNFnf+nf+b+x2qnf!!!!qnf"Lqnf"Qqnf"Tqn
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Z7+00 Zx (*wwqnfF##Vwzz!f !ututututzqnfnfF##Vwz 6A6BzqnfF##VwzSC2#VS"z!4*!I*!*
!s*! ZnC,TOOLKIT.RSXg(ZG!!1!1!1! Start address & Length & Execute
address & End address & File type &protected BASIC) binary) ASCII)
unknown) Z#aO 80Zy'&&d& &7R8 0Z Z ZOZyZ(y 8 +.+!!!!!!!)!!PIllegal parameter c
ountFile errorEscape pressedCassette overrunRead error b (CRC error)Disc errorCh
aracter not editableUnknown commandCould not set keyGOgxIIGOgxIwI!DISgD,TOOLKIT.
DOC UKi$r --------------------------
The Amstrad Action Toolkit ---------------
----------- Welcome to AA's set of utilities for BASIC and machine code pro
grammers. You've rprobably seen "BASIC extensions" like this a thousand times b
efore they add a few commands, most of which you can live perfectly well withou
t, and disappear again. We hope that, with the AA Toolkit, you'll find somet
hing genuinely useful. The commands here are often really quite sophisticated,
even more so when compared to standard toolkit fare. Most of the commands wi
ll work equally well no matter what CPC you have. A few are for disc owners onl
y, and a couple are only to be use"hd with cassettes. (The program won't let yo
u use the disc commands if you only have a tape drive on your system.) Similarl
y, a few commands are designed for systems with over 64k, and there are some co
mmands especially suited for the 464. Something for everyone, basically. H
OW THE COMMANDS ARE ADDED The commands that this adds to BASIC are called RSX
s, which is techie jargon for "Resident System Extensions", which is techie jar
gon for something that begins with a "" (bar) symXbol. For example, one of the
commands is called MEMORY. You can just use it like any normal command in a pro
gram line, for example... 10 MEMORY ...or just on its own. Some commands,
like BASIC commands, take arguments - that is, yo u can't just put the command
down and expect it to do something, but you have to supply a few numbers (or w
hatever) for it to work from. The thing to note here about RSXs is that they mu
st have a comma directly after the command name (yes, it does look odd), such a
s... PUTKEY,65 A NOTE FOR 464 OWNERS (BASIC 1.0) As you'll know if yo
u have a disc drive, the 464 is spectacularly inept at handling bar commands. F
or example, to erase a file from disc on the 464, you have to D,TOOLKIT.DOC(UKo
type a$"filename" ERA,a$ instead of the simpler 664, 6128 or Plus (BASIC 1
.1) equivalent ERA,"filename" Remember that this applies to the AA Toolkit
commands too. (However, one of the commands should help to free you from all t
his(i hassle. Read on...!) ---------------
--------- The commands, one-by-one
------------------------ COMMAND
SYSTEM CLI(all machines) a$"command" CLI,a$(BASIC 1.0) CLI,"command"(BAS
IC 1.1) What does CLI mean Well, apart from what a friend of mine does when h
e gets his Japanese translation all wrong, it stands for Command Line Interpret
er. This, bas%ically, means that you can type in a command and it will obey it.
"Big deal!" shout several thousand readers over Britain. "BASIC does that
already!" Hang about, hang about. This has several advantages. For a start, if
you just type CLI, you'll be put in a mode where you can type RSX commands (i.
e. those usually prefixed with ) to your heart's content. It's easier than from
BASIC, because you can use spaces instead of commas to separate items, and you
needn't bother with the speecxh marks (unless, of course, you have a space in
the item). For example, let's say that we want to rename the file OLDIE.BAS to
NEWBIE.BAS. 464 owners would usually have to suffer this a$"OLDIE.BAS" b$"NEW
BIE.BAS" REN,b$,a$ Other CPAC and Plus owners could get away with this REN
,"NEWBIE.BAS","OLDIE.BAS" Under CLI, though, it's a much easier REN NEWBIE
.BAS OLDIE.BAS To quit from command mode, press ESC. CLI has other adv
antages. If you supply it with an arguMment, it won't go into the command mode,
but will instead try to execute the string you supplied as a command. For exam
ple, if a$ contained "ERA *.BAK", then typing CLI,a$ would delete all the backu
p files on a disc. C,TOOLKIT.DOC0UKq --
EXEC(all machines) a$"filename" EXEC,a$(BASIC 1.0) EXEC,"filename"(BASIC 1.1
) CLI acts on what you type in at the keyboard. EXEC is similar, but takes it
s orders from a text file (perhaps created with a word-processo!r or text edito
r) on your tape or disc. This means that you can write a list of RSX commands t
o execute, save them (say) in the file "COMMANDS.BAT", and then execute them u
sing EXEC,"COMMANDS.BAT" . For ultimate convenience, if you just tyhpe EXEC
on its own, it will try to load and execute a file called #EXEC.BAT . Pos
sible uses Well, you could set up a file to set up your favourite colours and f
unction key definitions, for example, erase all your backup files, anJd then le
ap into Protext. Your imagination is the only limit (er, so long as your imagin
ation isn't greater than 800k, because otherwise the file will overflow even a
3.5" disc). If you want to use control codes in the file being executed - f
ZAor example, CTRL-M (which is the same as ENTER or RETURN), at the end of a ke
y definition - use the "" symbol followed by the appropriate letter.
-- SCREEN COMM
ANDS EDV*IT,character value(all machines) a$"character" EDIT,a$(BASIC 1.0)
EDIT,"character"(BASIC 1.1) Working out character designs manually for BASI
C's SYMBOL command can be a chore at the best of times, downright annoying at t
he worst. But swhat is that in the distance Could it be a heroic RSX decked in
shades and riding a Harley-Davidson here to save the day Yes, it is. But please
don't laugh at the poor thing. Select a character to edit using one of th
e above commaEnds (the first one takes an ASCII code - 65 for capital A, for ex
ample, or 240 for an up arrow - as an argument, whereas the other methods take
the actual character), and the character will appear. You can move your cursor
using the cursor keys, iD,TOOLKIT.DOC8UKpnvert pixels with COPY, and finish wit
h ENTER or RETURN. When you've finished, the appropriate numbers will be displa
yed on-screen (in hex), ready to be copied into a SYMBOL statement. Rememb
er that, to define a character, you must hav5qe set SYMBOL AFTER appropriately
beforehand (i.e. if you want to define character 100, you'll need to have typed
SYMBOL AFTER 100 or less). An error will appear if you haven't. The standard l
oader for the Toolkit sets SYMBOL AFTER 32,s so you should be ok.
-- a$"text" DOUBLE,a$(BASIC 1.0) DOUBLE,"text"(BA
SIC 1.1) Prints double-height text. One note you must have set SYMBOL AF
TER 254 or less beforehand. The default is SYMBOL AFTER 240 when you first turn
on, and the AA Toolkit sets it to SYMBOL AFTER 32, so it shouldn't be a proble
m. -- a$"text" WRITE,style, a$(BASIC
1.0) WRITE,style, a$(BASIC 1.1) Writes text to the screen in a specified sty
le. The style is expressed by a number, which can be any of these 1bold 2th
in 4italics 8underlined 16flippy (upside-down) ...or you can add two (or m
ore) together for a combination of styles. You can even change style half-w
ay through some text. Use CTRL-B to toggle bold on or off, CTRL-T for thin, CTR
L-I for italics, CTRL-U for underline, and CTRL-F for flippy. (Who said program
mers had no imagination...) If you're going to do this later on in the text, yo
u can leave out the number in the command if you want, so the text will start o
ut plain (like writing 0). This command relies on at least SYMBOL AFTER 255
being set (see above). -- MODE,mode
number(all machines) INK,ink,colour(all machines) BORDER,colour(all machines)
Yes, these do work in the same way as the standard BASIC commands. We've just
supplied you with them as RSXs so that you can use them fromsE,TOOLKIT.DOCUKem
an EXEC file. --
464 COMMANDS FRAME CURSOR,system switch,user switch CLEAR.I
NPUT COPY.CHR,variable% GRAPHICS.PEN,ink GRAPHICS.PAPER,ink These pretty m
uch e*mulate the commands to be found in BASIC 1.1, for the benefit of those st
ruggling over Type-Ins that don't work on the 464. Simply replace CLEAR INPUT w
ith CLEAR.INPUT, for example, and hey presto. COPY.CHR works in a slightly
different 2way to the 6128's COPYCHR$ function. Instead of a$COPYCHR$(#0), you
would write a%0 COPY.CHR,a% a$CHR$(a%) Note that the "a%0" is important
(although the variable can be called anything, of course).
-- MEMORY COMMANDS
MEMORY(all machines) Draws a graphical representation of memory very, very qu
ickly. Coloured bits indicate there's something in the memory at that point, wh
ereas blank bZits suggest that it's empty.
-- DUMP,start,finish(all machines) Displays a section of memory on the
screen, from the start address to the finish address. If no finish address is
specified, then a short display will be produced from the start address. W
hen displaying long sections of memory, the computer pauses every so often and
waits for you to press a key. -- FIND
,start,finish,byte(all m)achines) Looks through memory for the occurrence of
a particular byte, and prints up all the places at which it occurs.
-- BANK,bank-switch(128k systems and over only)
For use with the following comvmands, this command selects which bank of extr
a RAM is to be used. The standard 6128 extra 64k can be selected with BANK,&C0.
If you have a 256k expansion, BANK,&C8, BANK,&D0, and BANK,&D8 may prove usef
ul. D,TOOLKIT.DOCHUKn -- BANK.READ,fro
m,to,length(128k systems and over only) This copies a section of memory from
the currently selected bank of extra memory to the specified address in the mai
n 64k, where you can wreak your wicked ways on it weasilGy. (Or stoatily, if yo
u prefer.) -- BANK.WRITE,from,to,leng
th(128k systems and over only) Unsurprisingly, this is the opposite of the pr
evious command, and copies memory from the main 64k to the extrza memory.
-- COPY,from,to,length(all machines) T
his copies the specified portion of memory (in the main 64k). For example, to c
opy the contents of screen memory (which starts at &C000, and is &4000 byteVs l
ong) to &2000, you could type COPY,&C000,&2000,&4000
-- FILL,address,length,byte(all machines) This fills a sec
tion of memory with the given byte, obliterating everything else underneath. FI
LpL &C000,&4000,240, for example, will fill screen memory with ink 1.
-- CALL,address(all machines) AF,value BC,val
ue DE,value HL,value IX,value IY,value The firmware has a lot of good roZuti
nes in it, but many are not easily accessible from BASIC. These routines will h
elp you to use them to the full. All you have to do is set up the required regi
sters (so, to set HL to &4350, type HL,&4350), and then CALL the routine using
XCALL,address . To set the accumulator to 5, you would type AF,&0500 . This
also sets the flags register to 0, but the flags are never significant on ente
ring a firmware routine. --
$ FILE COMMANDS a$"filename"TYPE,a$(BASIC 1.0) a$"f
ilename"PTYPE,a$(BASIC 1.0) TYPE,"filename"(BASIC 1.1) PTYPE,"filename"(BASIC
1.1) These two commands type a file from tape or disc to the screen. PTYPE pr
iE,TOOLKIT.DOCPUKUonts it on your printer, too. You can pause output at any tim
e by pressing any key, with another key to resume (ESC to quit). One usefu
l feature of this is that it makes a half-decent job of Protext files, meaning
that you no longer need to load the word-processor itself to read the files. (I
n fact, this instruction file is a Protext file.)
-- a$"filename"INFO,a$(BASIC 1.0) INFO,"filename"(BASIC 1.1) Th
is reads header information fr9om the specified file and displays it in hex - f
iletype, start address and so on. Ideal for hackers.
-- a$"filename" LOAD,a$,addr(BASIC 1.0) LOAD,"filename",addr(BA
SIC 1.1) Loads a file into anywh+ere in (the main 64k of) memory. Unlike BASI
C's normal LOAD command, this doesn't worry about HIMEM or other such nonsense.
-- a$"filename" DEPROTECT,a$(BASIC 1
.0) DEPROTECT,"filename"(BASIC 1.1) Lfoads a protected BASIC program and rem
oves its protection. Naughty naughty! --
HL.WRITE,address,length,sync(cassette) HL.READ,address,length,sync(cassette
) Records an area of memory to tape as a headerless file, which is impossible
to read if you don't know the sync byte (which should be a number between 0 an
d 255). Make sure you don't forget it. I must be going mad. I wrote the fi
rst sentence of the last paragraph originally as "RecordPXs and writes an area
of Australia to Channel 4's current schedule". Seriously. I need some sleep...
--
DISC COMMANDS SECTOR.WRITE,address,drive,track,sector SECTOR.READ,address,
drive,track,sector Record an area of memory (usually &200 bytes, half a kilob
yte) directly to a sector on disc. Be very careful using SECTOR.WRITE - if used
indiscriminately on non-write-protected discs it could mess them up for good.
TE,TOOLKIT.DOCXUK ory experimenting on a disc of CP/M languages or something bo
ring like that. The drive parameter should be 0 for drive A and 1 for drive
B. -- USER,user number Just like
the usual command, except that the 0-15 limit has been removed and you can now
select any user area from 0 to 255. 229 is where erased files go to rest before
they die forever. -- CAT,drive Ca
talogues the disc in the specified drive 0 for drive A and 1 for drive B. This
enables you to quickly catalogue a drive which you're not using at the moment,
without having to go through the rigmarole of BCATA.
-- . MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS a$"s
tring"KEY,exp.token,a$(BASIC 1.0) KEY,expansion token,"string"(BASIC 1.1) Se
ts up a function key (usually) to generate a string of characters KEY,0, "CLI"+
CHR$(13), for example, will set f0 to enter CLI mode. This is no different from
the standard Amstrad KEY command, but, again, is provided for use in EXEC file
s. In an EXEC file, you would write the above as... KEY 0 CLIM
-- PUTKEY,character value(all machines) a$"charact
er" PUTKEY,a$(BASIC 1.0) PUTKEY,"character"(BASIC 1.1) Pretends that a key h
as been pressed, so that next time you come to read the keyboard (using INKEY$,
INPUT or similar), that key will appear. You chan only "put back" one key at a
time before reading a key. Useful for when certain keys (detected with INKEY$)
trigger off a line of INPUT beginning with that letter.
--------------------------------------- £ Using the com
mands in your own programs ---------------------------------
------ The file that does all the hard work is called TOOLKIT.RSX. To load it
and set up the extra commands, you would need to use a few lineD,TOOLKIT.DOCUK
ns like this at the beginning of your program 10 SYMBOL AFTER 32 20 MEMORY
&7FFF 30 LOAD "TOOLKIT.RSX" 40 CALL &8000 Make sure that TOOLKIT.RSX is o
n the current disc or tape. -------------
- W Error messages
-------------- There are a number of error messages that the commands m
ight generate. Here's what they mean Cassette overrun - The headerless fi
le was not of the right lJength. Character not editable - The current SYMBOL
AFTER setting is inappropriate for the command you are trying to carry out.
Could not set key - You've tried to set too many function keys at once, and
the computer has run out of memory for them. Disc error - Five hundred el
ephants came charging through the undergrowth. (Well, really.) Escape pres
sed - A tape operation was interrupted by you pressing ESC. File error - So
me sort of error occurred while trying to ac&cess a file. Illegal parameter c
ount - You haven't supplied the right number of parameters (or arguments) for a
command. Read error b (CRC error) - Bad news. Sounds like your headerles
s file has been messed up. Unknown command - CLI or EXEC is trying to find a
command you have given it and failing miserably, poor thing.
--------- Copyright
--------- You are welcome to use the AA Too
lkit (TOOLKIT.RSX) in your own programs - after all, that's what it's here for!
An acknowledgement along the lines of "Uses AA Toolkit from Amstrad Action and
Robot PD" would be appreciated. The Toolkit may not be copied as Va toolkit, r
ather than as part of a program, without the permission of the author.
-------------- T
he final word -------------- And that's yD
,TOOLKIT.DOC UhUK2 our lot. If you have any problems working with the Toolkit, d
rop us a line at Technical Forum, Amstrad Action, 30 Monmouth Street, Bath, Avo
n BA1 2BW any suggestions for new commands for a possible future version of the
Toolkit, and improvements to existing ones, are also welcome. Meanwhile,
I'm off to sleep before going off to sunny Pembrokeshire for a week tomorrow. P
rogramming is never good for your sleep patterns...!
-aEnjoy yourself,
Richard Fairhurst
Amstrad Action
Robot PQpD
March 1994 fNTous droits réservés. Reproduction sans autorisation interdite. © Kukulcan